This is a test paragraph to allow you to see the effect of replacing all occurrences of ampersands (&) and ndashes (–) by their conceptual counterparts. Ampersands & and ndashes are simply typographical representations that can be replaced by more common forms that have the same meaning – and for & and an ordinary dash (-) for the –. If we replace each & by its written-out equivalent, we’ll later be able to interpret both of them in the same way and also count them together in a frequency list, for instance if we were investigating issues of co-ordination.